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The Xbox Series X and PS5 features coming to a gaming PC near you
There's a lot to be excited about with the next-gen consoles, and not the least bit is how they will bolster our gaming PCs. Both the next-gen Xbox and Sony's PlayStation 5 share a genetic code with PC hardware that in some cases goes right down to the metal, and that's why the upcoming relationship between PC and next-gen console could be more beneficial than ever before.
Both the Xbox Series X and PlayStation 5 operate with AMD-designed technology at their gooey centres—AMD Zen 2 and RDNA 2 chips to be precise. Both consoles have opted for the latest and greatest technology this time around—a far cry from the quickly outdated silicon that used to line the innards of the previous generation.
Their counterparts are, or will soon be, available within the PC ecosystem, too. The latest Ryzen 3000 processors left their mark on the best CPUs for gaming list, thanks in large part to the AMD Zen 2 architecture. And as for RDNA 2.0 graphics cards, those will ship in a form factor favoured by gaming PCs roughly around the same time as the next-gen consoles launch, or so say AMD and Sony's lead system architect, Mark Cerny.
But what separates console from PC, and console from console, are the many proprietary or pseudo-proprietary features being integrated at the nanometre level. Sony is rolling out its own 3D audio algorithms, uber-high bandwidth I/O, and SSD controller with the PS5. While Microsoft is bringing its 'Xbox Velocity Architecture' to bear with its latest console, which will also be fitted with all the advancements introduced within the flashy DirectX 12 Ultimate API.
Where things get interesting for us PC folk is when these many advancements intersect our not-so-humble hobby, and many of the features within both Microsoft and Sony's secret sauce are not as proprietary as they'd like to have us believe. In fact, many of the features touted for next-gen consoles will make it to our gaming PCs at some point or another. So let's take a look at what's coming.
Graphics
Ray tracing. That's been the graphical buzzword for the past two years in PC hardware and it's soon set to take the console world by storm, too. Both the Xbox Series X and PlayStation 5 will offer ray tracing in one form or another, powered by the AMD RDNA 2 graphics architecture.
The ray tracing ecology is resolutely green today on PC. That is, it's entirely Nvidia-dependent. But with the release of the next-gen consoles there'll also be a new player in town in the form of RDNA 2 graphics cards in a PCIe add-in card form factor.
There's a lot more to be excited about with the RDNA 2 architecture, too. During an architecture deep-dive, Sony's Mark Cerny confirmed that we might find a lot of similarities between the custom technology it is introducing with the PS5 and AMD's new lineup of RDNA 2 'Navi 2X' graphics cards, scheduled for a release later this year.
“AMD is continuously improving and revising their tech,” says Cerny. “For RDNA 2, their goals were, roughly speaking, to reduce power consumption by architecting the GPU to put data where it’s needed, to optimise the GPU for performance, and to add a new, more advanced feature set.
"But that feature set is malleable, which is to say we have our own needs for PlayStation and that can factor into what the AMD roadmap becomes. So collaboration is formed. If we bring concepts to AMD that are felt to be widely useful, then they can be adopted into RDNA 2 and used broadly, including PC GPUs. If the ideas are sufficiently specific to what we’re trying to accomplish, like the GPU cache scrubbers I was talking about, then they end up being just for us. If you see a similar discrete GPU available as a PC card at roughly the same time as we release our console, that means our collaboration with AMD succeeded in producing technology in both worlds. It doesn’t mean we simply incorporated a PC part into our console.”
There are some features you won't find in AMD's Navi 2X lineup of graphics cards, such as the cache scrubbers that Cerny alludes to. These are one of the few custom tweaks to the GPU component that Sony detailed during its architecture deep-dive stream, and it sounds like we'll not be seeing Sony's scrubbers anytime soon. Shame.
Another AMD technology coming to the PS5 is SmartShift. It dynamically shifts the power budget of the system between the GPU and CPU, ensuring that the system remains in its power envelope without needlessly limiting performance. Lucky for you, that's also available across gaming laptops with Radeon dGPUs and AMD's Ryzen 4000 APUs.
Just recently we were made privy to a new tech demo for the PlayStation 5, which offered a glimpse into the future of RDNA 2 graphics. Epic Games' Unreal Engine 5 tech demo, Lumen in the Land of Nanite, introduced two key technologies: Lumen and Nanite. These aim to shift some of the workload associated with assets and pre-baked lighting away from developers and onto the engine itself, and aims to tackle how an engine deals with assets of film grade usually deemed far too complex for most systems to handle.
Nanite allows developers to import highly-detailed assets directly into games without worrying about system demand. Usually asset LODs or normal maps are required to make a game look more detailed than it is, and those require manual work to implement. With Nanite, these can be bypassed, allowing devs to spend more time crafting beautiful assets knowing that the Unreal Engine will stream and scale these in real-time to fit the current requirements or system budgets.
Lumen is a dynamic global illumination technology that treads similar ground to global illumination powered by hardware-accelerated real-time ray tracing. It's worth noting that this is not hardware accelerated in the UE5 demo, but that is possible with the PS5's RDNA 2 GPU. The system actively and dynamically shifts indirect and diffused lighting to match the scene, which offers a lot of freedom and flexibility for day and night cycles or realistic lighting from player interactions beyond what is possible with 'pre-baked', or hard-coded and static, lighting.
Despite being a PlayStation 5 tech demo, the Unreal Engine remains as platform-agnostic as ever. Our own Tyler Wilde spoke with Epic Games CTO Kim Libreri, who reassured him that an RTX 2070 Super would get "pretty good" performance in the demo, so you can be sure your gaming PC will be up to scratch when the first wave of games using Lumen and Nanite are released.
The primary takeaway from this demo—and it's important to contextualise that demo for what it is, a glimpse of what could be with today's technology—is the potential for further implementations of these cross-platform asset streaming technologies in line with the storage technologies we'll be diving into next, how these could affect how we build our future gaming PCs and what components we decide to use, and even how these components are designed.
Storage
What's been crucially pivotal to both the Playstation 5 and Xbox Series X has been the inclusion of an NVMe drive, which have already found a home in the latest gaming PCs. Most of the best gaming motherboards support at least a handful of super-speedy NVMe SSDs as standard today.
Both Microsoft and Sony are including custom I/O and compression technologies in order to increase system bandwidth. Streamlining and optimising asset streaming is a common thread across console and engine development in 2020, with UE5 also "optimised for next-generation storage".
For the Xbox Series X, Microsoft is offering the new Xbox Velocity Architecture to help its console along. It's actually composite of a four key technologies—DirectStorage, a custom NVMe SSD, Sampler Feedback Streaming, and a dedicated decompression block—of which at least half are also coming to gaming PCs—in fact, a few are already in the works right now.
DirectStorage, as a member of the DirectX family of products, is a brand new I/O system that aims to reduce CPU overhead from a multi-core workload to a sliver of a single core. That's a common theme across both next-gen consoles by the way: reducing CPU load to a fraction of what it once was. Microsoft plans to bring DirectStorage onto the Windows platform as well as the Xbox Series X, which will also see Intel CPUs benefit.
The new I/O API also works in tandem with the console's increased bandwidth to free up CPU operations for other important tasks. That's especially important on a console that is often running at a lower clock speed than an equivalent high-end desktop counterpart, but will nonetheless prove itself a rising tide that lifts all boats from budget gaming to enthusiast-class systems so long as developers put it to good use.
Sampler Feedback Streaming (SFS) is a tool actually already in the developer toolbox on PC, although not one you'll likely have come into contact with all that often. It focuses on improving texture streaming and texture-space shading, which both serve to improve rendering at high resolutions with the utmost fidelity without hogging all the system resources for this single task.
The reason that might sound familiar is because SFS is included in the Direct X 12 Ultimate API, which recently received its first developer-friendly drivers from Nvidia as a primer for a wider rollout in the next wave of games currently in development. DX12 U also includes DirectX Raytracing, variable rate shading, and mesh shaders. It's an API for a new generation of games, one piece of the next-gen puzzle, and is certified compatible with hardware from both Nvidia and AMD—so you can count on its full support on PC.
On the flip side, the PlayStation 5 can't operate DX12 or any part of Microsoft's API, for obvious reasons. Instead we'll find the similarities here lie within the custom system-on-chip that AMD produced with Sony for the PlayStation. You see, while both the Xbox and PlayStation both operate similar RDNA 2 graphics silicon, they are configured very differently.
Sony's custom chip integrates a custom I/O complex to once again deliver unprecedented console bandwidth. It's including a hardware decompression chip, much like the Series X, along with a dedicated DMA controller, two I/O co-processors, coherency engines, and those proprietary GPU cache scrubbers I spoke about earlier. Perhaps the biggest difference between the two consoles, and our gaming PCs, is that Sony has designed its very own flash controller for its onboard SSD. That's unlikely to be like anything we've got on PC right now, and we'll have to see how it stacks up next to the best PCIe 4.0 controllers available later this year in terms of raw bandwidth.
So all this stuff about decompression makes it sound like that's going to be a real focus for future game development and performance. So what about on PC? Well, we might see a lot more of that technology make its way into our PC components, such as improved I/O capabilities on-chip. A high-bandwidth cache was something AMD lightly touched upon with its Vega architecture, so we may see further implementations once RDNA 2.0 joins the fray. Not to mention all the similarities between the PS5 and RDNA 2 graphics cards that Cerny alluded to.
But not all of our PCs are built with an SSD, and those rapid read/write speeds aren't standardised across interface or device. A huge proportion of SSDs are still running the slower SATA interface, let alone the very latest in PCIe 4.0 compatible flash controllers. What about these machines? How will they stack up once the bandwidth revolution is in full swing?
Both consoles highlight storage throughput as a key metric in measuring tech specs, which suggests throughput could become a key performance metric for game performance. Epic is certainly suggesting that fast SSD storage is pivotal to the whole tech demo, and that the PS5's storage solution is "god-tier" and that a PC's is just okay. But how much will a HDD or slower SATA SSD slow you down? Will the demands for memory creep up as greater capacity is required to store larger textures in waiting?
There are a lot of questions surrounding to what extent an SSD, or lack thereof, will impact gaming performance. And something tells me it's not going to be a simple case of fast SSD=higher fps. One thing we do know for sure is that console users will be able to experience the rapid boot, lack of loading screens, and cut-down texture pop-in that almost any SSD delivers as a result of faster read/write speeds over a traditional HDD. And perhaps we'll find that on PC we see a greater push into GPU I/O and caching come the next generation.
