US pushes back on foreign takeover deals

The US has passed a new law that strengthens the government's power to review - and potentially block - business deals involving foreign firms.

US President Donald Trump signed the bill, which is part of a broader military spending measure, on Monday.

The measure was spurred by US concerns that Chinese companies are using investments and acquisitions to gain access to new technology.

Those worries are also behind new US tariffs on Chinese goods.

The law was supported by both Republicans and Democrats in Congress, which approved the measure earlier this year.

It comes as other countries, including the UK, consider ways to toughen their scrutiny of foreign deals with an eye to China.

Details of the bill
The new law expands the type of deals subject to potential review by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the US (CFIUS), which vets foreign investments to see if they pose a risk to national security.

For example, it directs the committee to consider how potential transactions might affect personal data and cyber security and whether an investment gives foreigners access to "material" non-public information.

It also strengthens export controls, allowing the US to review overseas deals, such as joint ventures.

The new law does not specifically name China.

However, it directs CFIUS officials to consider whether the transaction involves a "country of special concern that has a demonstrated or declared strategic goal of acquiring a type of critical technology or critical infrastructure".

US Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said he welcomed the new law.

Decline in investment
Even without the new law, rising US scrutiny of Chinese transactions appears to have dampened investor appetite.

Chinese firms completed deals worth $1.8bn in the first half of 2018 - the lowest level in seven years and down more than 90% from the same period in 2017, according to the Rhodium Group, a US research firm.

The decline followed tighter Chinese controls on overseas activity, which contributed to a global contraction in foreign investment last year.

Rhodium found US regulators blocked about $2bn in Chinese deals in the first six months of 2018.

Those included the sale of a US money transfer firm to Ant Financial, Alibaba's digital payments arm and the acquisition of Skybridge Capital by HNA.

Overall, foreign investment in the US fell 32% from 2016 to 2017, when it totalled about $260bn, according to the US Commerce Department.