Nasa to continue using Soyuz rockets despite breakdown

US space agency Nasa says it will continue using Russian Soyuz rockets for missions after Thursday's dramatic emergency landing following a booster failure shortly after lift-off.

Speaking in Moscow, Nasa head Jim Bridenstine said he expected a December mission to the International Space Station (ISS) to go ahead as planned.

The two crew members who aborted were ready to fly again, he said.

Russian officials are investigating what caused the booster to fail.

Russian cosmonaut Alexey Ovchinin and American astronaut Nick Hague were heading for a six-month mission on the ISS when their flight was aborted. Their capsule separated and landed 400km (250 miles) from the launch site.

Russia's Deputy Prime Minister Yuri Borisov had said no further manned missions would take place "until we believe that the entire situation guarantees safety".

What did the Nasa chief say?
Mr Bridenstine said he had full confidence in the safety and reliability of Russian-made Soyuz space rockets but the incident showed the importance of having more than one way of getting people into space.

"I fully anticipate that we will fly again on a Soyuz rocket," he said, praising the "wonderful relationship" between Nasa and the Russian space agency Roscosmos.

The Nasa chief also praised Mr Ovchinin and Mr Hague for aborting the launch.

"It's amazing everyone came home safely. It could have not been good. But it was a very good day when the crews came home alive. The crew were calm when the worst was before them. Both are ready to fly again," he said.

"It was a failed mission but a successful flight. Not every mission that fails, ends up so successful," he added.

What happened during the flight?
The launch appeared to be going smoothly, but some 90 seconds into the flight Nasa reported a problem with the booster rocket between the first and second stages of separating.

Live video of the astronauts showed them shaking violently with the vibrations caused by the malfunction.

After about 114 seconds of flight, the emergency escape system sprang into action, separating the crew capsule from the rocket.

The capsule then began what Nasa termed a "ballistic descent", subjecting the crew to greater G-force - the force imposed on a body by rapid acceleration or deceleration - than during a normal landing.

Nasa said the capsule, which later deployed parachutes, took 34 minutes to reach the ground on the Kazakhstan steppe, hundreds of kilometres north-east of the Baikanour cosmodrome launch site.

Rescue teams using off-road vehicles and paratroopers deployed in helicopters raced to locate the capsule, near the Kazakh city of Dzhezkazgan.

How does US-Russian space co-operation work?
It is an area which has survived otherwise tense relations between Russia and the US. Nasa has been paying for seats on Soyuz rockets to ferry its astronauts to the International Space Station since the Space Shuttle programme ended in 2011.

The crew already on the ISS will not be affected by Thursday's aborted mission, Russia's Tass news agency reported, quoting an unnamed source as saying they have enough supplies.

But the three - a German, a Russian and an American - might have to stay on the space station into next year because of the crash, Interfax quoted a source as saying.

Roscosmos has ordered the setting up of a state commission to investigate the incident and a criminal investigation is also expected.

Have there been similar incidents in the past?
Thursday's incident is thought to be the first launch mishap for a Russian Soyuz booster since a Soyuz mission was aborted in 1983. Then, a rocket malfunctioned shortly before launch, and the crew vehicle was ejected to safety.

In recent years, Russia's space programme has faced a number of technical failures - 13 since 2010.

Last year, contact was lost with a Soyuz rocket's Fregat upper stage, which was carrying a new weather satellite and 18 secondary satellites.

Earlier in 2017, at least nine of a payload of 73 satellites were reported "dead on arrival or severely degraded" after separation from their Soyuz-2.1 launch vehicle.

In August, a hole appeared in a Soyuz capsule already docked to the ISS which caused a brief loss of air pressure and had to be patched. In this instance, Russia said the hole may have been drilled "deliberately".